Gyroscopic effect on airplane:

Gyroroscope effect will usefull in determining the direction in wich the aeroplane nose and tale will move while taking a turn in either direction like left or right ...it have several conditions...like if we are noticing from the rare side(back side) whn the plan take a left cut ..and the rotter of the plan is moving in the clockwise direction..then the nose get up and the tail goes down...because of the active and reavtive gyroscopic couple fore which are acting in opposite direction and equal in magnitude...
(2)-if plan takes a right turn in the same conditions the action of the tail and nose will be the vice versa of the 1st result...
if rotter in moving in anticlock wise direction...then the result 1st and 2nd will be the vice versa ...
(3)-condition 2nd...if we notice it from the front the all results are oppsite...for e.g if plane turns left then the nose get down and tail gets down in direction ......so nw u can get all result by transforming them into the jst opposite to the results of the condition 1st...results

Significance of governor in automobiles:

Governor is an important component of automobile engine. It is used to regulate the main speed of engine during the variations in loads. With the variations in the load, fuel supply has to be maintained. This task is performed by the governor. In the case of high load on the engine, speed decreases, hence fuel supply has to be increased and similarly when load decreases then the fuel supply has to be decreased.

Electrochemical machining (ECM)

It is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process. It is normally used for mass production and is used for working extremely hard materials or materials that are difficult to machine using conventional methods. Its use is limited to electrically conductive materials. ECM can cut small or odd-shaped angles, intricate contours or cavities in hard and exotic metals, such as titanium aluminides, Inconel, Waspaloy, and high nickel, cobalt, and rhenium alloys. Both external and internal geometries can be machined.

ECM is often characterized as "reverse electroplating," in that it removes material instead of adding it.

Working of air conditioners in cars:

Air conditioners are based on the principles of evaporation and condensation and then compression and expansion. The hot air of the car is removed by the process of evaporation and then the condensation of the evaporated air takes places which is then further compressed by the compressor and then finally expanded to us in the form of cold breeze. Somehow, Air conditioning reduces the average of the car, as the energy is required to remove the hot air and then compression and expansion.

How to earn money using your own blog or website .

This post is only gives you the complete knowledge about how you earn extra and handsome money from your blog or website by placing Google ads on it . nowadays google adsense is number one publishing and advertising company . But for this you have to maintain the following steps :- 

• Duration of your website or blog is atleast 6 months or more  but if your site is good and have good hits you can also apply before 6 months but you have to maintain quality

• Always write your own content by your own mind don't copy material from other websites. By copy material from other sites ,that site is against google policy and comes under copyright material issue.

• fillup the google adsense registration form correctly by giving your own complete address and mobile number .

• If you want to apply for adsense program you should complete atleast 18 years.

• Your blog or website should have atleast 40 to 50 posts with good and genuine material that was written by yourself.

• Add your complete blog to search engines to boost your site Hits .

• Always apply to adsense when your site is completely published and developed

• For better performance you should have to buy your own domain name like .org,.com.in,.biz,.info

• Dont create posts which contains adult or hacking material , it is strictly against the google policy.

Why Audi A6 Car in market ?

The new A6 car is more lighter has more power transmission and also comes with lots of technology than the car it replaces earlier. This car is the first official audi car in india since many years launched in 2005. The first audi comes with 3.0 petrol and diesel motors followed but after in 2007 it has 3.2 litre direct injection petrol which increases the power generation but not the sales or production of the car .Then after 2 years , in 2009 with a minor change along with good super charged petrol and upgraded diesel engine.
The success of new A6 model is vital for audi's future in indian car industry. The audi A6 has beautiful LED headlamps, tightly cropped grille, the large inlets give unique feature and looks by dimensionally this car is little longer wheelbase and is little wider then its previous model. Doors, bonnets , boot lids are made up of light aluminum and comes with four wheel drive for good pickup and for good performance.

Subjects in Mechanical Engineering

Subjects in Mechanical Engineering includes regular 8 semesters !

•  Mathematics 1-2-3
• chemistry
• physics
• engineering drawing 1-2
• robotics
• fluid mechanics 1-2
• applied thermodynamics 1-2
• industrial engineering
• environmental science
• major project
• cad/cam
• etc

Why Mechanical Engineering ???

Nowadays mostly students want to be a mechanical engineer rather than other field . As this is the toughest branch among all other fields like communication,information technology , computer science, etc . It includes nearly 35-40 subjects in whole semesters , about engineering drawing ,thermodynamics , fluids ,robotics ,electrical, some part of electronics , mathematics ,etc ! mechanical engineering is also called evergreen branch among all because the demand of mechanical engineers is always stable whether in the time of recession also . The main demand of mechanical engineers in automobile industry , refineries , piping firms , designing companies . The demand is very vast ,though mechanical engineers are placed everywhere .  

Honda MAINLY DEALS WITH:-

Ø  Manufacturing and sales of two wheelers.                              

Ø  Manufacturing and sales of two wheeler engines.

Ø  Service and sales of spare parts and accessories.

Ø  Export of Honda products (CBU, Engine & Parts)

Ø  HMSI works on a Market–IN concept, which focuses on understanding customer needs and desire and translating them into product specifications. It is due to this concept that with in just five years of its launch in India, HMSI has changed the Indian two wheeler market with its products – Honda Activa, Dio, Eterno, Unicorn & Newly launched Shine.

Corporate profile and divisions of honda

Honda is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Their shares trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, as well as exchanges in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, London, Parisand Switzerland.

The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China, the United States, Pakistan, Canada, England, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, New Zealand, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Turkeyand Perú. As of July 2010, 89 percent of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United Stateswere built in North American plants, up from 82.2 percent a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen’s advance to a 15-year high against the dollar.

Honda's Net Sales and Other Operating Revenue by Geographical Regions in 2007

Geographic Region	Total revenue (in millions of ¥)
Japan	1,681,190
North America	5,980,876
Europe	1,236,757
Asia	1,283,154
Others	905,163

American Honda Motor Company is based in Torrance, California. Honda Canada Inc. is headquartered in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, and is building new corporate headquarters in Markham, Ontario, scheduled to relocate in 2008 their manufacturing division, Honda of Canada Manufacturing, is based in Alliston, Ontario. Honda has also created joint ventures around the world, such as Honda Siel Cars and Hero Honda Motorcycles in India, Guangzhou Honda and Dongfeng Honda in China, and Honda Atlas in Pakistan.

Universal joint

Universal joints are used for connecting two shafts inclined at angles to one another. For transmitting the rotary motion from the engine to the road wheels throughout the variations in position of the rear axle with respect to the gear box and chassis, universal joints are most suitable. It shows the principle of universal joint.

Detonation

It is caused by the fuel with a low octane rating and is the tendency for the fuel to autoignite in an engine combustion chamber.
The resulting knock or ping is the sound of the pistons slamming against the cylinder walls. Severe detonation can break pistons and destroy engines.
This early ignition of fuel creates a shock wave throughout the cylinder as the burning and expanding fuel air mixture collides with the piston that is still traveling towards T.D.C. (top dead center) .

Hydraulic lifting (valve)

All the engines have hydraulic valve lifters in one form or another. The most common types of engine that has them is your vehicle engine. They created to get rid of the need for combustion engines to have mechanical clearance in the engine valve train.
The reason that clearance is required is to keep the valve from being held open and destroyed as the valve train goes through its process of thermal expansion. In in effect, hydraulic valve lifters keep the valve healthy and protected from an engine normal thermal expansion process.

Differential

Differential  : When the vehicle travels around a corner, the distance traveled by the outer wheel is greater than that traveled by the inner wheel. If the wheels are mounted on dead axles so that they turn independently of each other, (the front wheels of the vehicle an ordinary vehicle) they turn at different speeds to compensate for the difference in travel. But the the wheels are positively driven by the engine to device is necessary to permit them to revolve at different speeds without interfering with the propulsion of the vehicle. To accomplish this purpose, a system of the differential gears is provided to allow the outer wheel to revolve at a higher speed than the inner wheel while turning corner. In this way, the inner wheel skidding of the which involves the sliding friction. being harmful for the life of the tyres is overcome

Construction and working :

Figure shows the construction and working of the differential mechanism.
It Consists of The Following components:
(i) Crown wheel or ring gear
(ii) Drive pinion or crown pinion.
(iii) Cage
(iv) Sun gears
(v) Planet or star pinions.
The drive pinion meshes with the crown wheel. The crown wheel is free to rotate on the rear axle half shafts whereas the sun gears are splined on the ends of each half shaft. The cage is rigidly attached to the crown wheel. The cage consists of the pin on which two planet pinions are mounted. The planet pinions are free to rotate on the pin but are meshed with the sun gears.

When the vehicle is traveling straight in the head position, the power flow from the drive pinion is shown in the Figure a. The drive pinion gives the power to the crown wheel whereas the crown wheel, cage, the pin and the planet pinions rotate the one unit. The planet pinions revolves on the pin but the axes their transmit the power to the sun gears. The sun gears and the half shafts are splined together and revolve due to the rotary motion of the planet gears to the whole .

Cone clutch

It shows the cone clutch. It consists of two cones, internal and external cone. Friction material of a wire and asbestos are used for fitting on internal cone. The cones are held together in position by a large and strong coil spring. The torque is transmitted from the engine to the flywheel and internal cone to the splined shaft when the clutch is engaged. The foot operated clutch pedal is employed to pull out the internal cone and overcome the spring pressure during disengagement of the drive. Cone clutch was used for larger and earlier type vehicles but now it has become obsolete due to certain disadvantages.

Press and Weld Operations for Front Fender (Scooter)

  

The Honda Two Wheeler press shop consists of 4 Hydraulic Presses capable of producing 350 Ton force each. A bank is fed into the first press which is draws it into the form. The next press is fitted with a shearing die which cuts the excess parts (flashes) and pressed part is finished. 

The finished part is visually inspected and buffing is done to ensure that no defect/dent reaches the weld area. The presses work in pair of two. One for drawing and second for shearing.

Then these parts are sent to the weld section where they are clamped in a jigand a robotic arm welds the two parts together. An operator then checks the weld done by the robot in order to ensure that there is no welding miss or spatter. These defects are rectified by manual welding or by buffing. The second part of the fender is welded using spot welding. The weld is then inspected again. Finally the brake wire harness is welded. Also the L stay and R stay are welded (Stay are the clips) which are used to hold the fender along with the fork assembly. A fiber tool is used to remove any seam from the external surface.The welded part is then sent for paint. Where it is painted and sent for Fork Assembly in AF-1

FRAME ASSEMBLY PROBLEMS:

1. Swing arm pressing.
2. Handle switch fitment.
3. Reducing line stoppage.
4. Race cone pressing.

KAIZEN Philosophy: -

 KAIstands for “change” and ZEN stands for “improvement”.

So KAIZEN means, “Continual change for improvement”. This is the activity, which is open for all the employees, and all the employees take keen interest in this activity. “The more the number of Kaizens in a department, the more is the honor for the same” makes this event very much interesting.

Why to choose the PDCA Approach…….?

1.   Being a closed loop, it helps in better control of the various steps.

2.   Like a closed loop system it gives feed back and thus better control of the   

   various activities.

3.   It helps in continual improvement of the methods.

4.   It helps in pin-pointing the problem.

5.   Better comparison between Planned and Actual Achievements and time.

6.   Makes the things simpler and easier to understand as each step is self-explanatory.

7.   Better understanding of the basic procedure being followed.

8.   Helps in better and positive thinking.

9.   Helps in achieving the results in a more systematic manner.

10. Helps in finding the root cause of the problem.

11.Continuous monitoring approach resulting in better achievements.

12.Development of new ideas.

13.Better and safe approach towards the problem.

14.Examination of the problems and their countermeasures is more systematic.

15.It is a systematic approach towards the problem.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This methodology will explain how I went about doing my project. It is divided into two sections Sampling details & Data collection + analysis. In this there will be explanation of what kind of sample data I have taken for my project and the collection of that data.

 

SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION:

For the completion of my project I went through the random sampling of data. In which I have picked up some components randomly for the observation and did the analysis as required for the project. Photographs were taken and relevant readings were recorded for documentation & project report.

Data collection includes all the relevant and appropriate data required for the completion of the project. This is of two kinds, Primary data and Secondary data. Primary data includes all the data which I have collected from the crankcase line such as component flow path, dent prone areas on the cover & joint faces, dimensions of the cone plugs and actual dents on KSPG components during the trial PP1 before the mass production of this new model. Some data was collected from the metallurgical lab after hardness inspection of cone plugs and some data was collected from engine assembly.

Apart from this I have also used some data from the department itself as a secondary data. It includes the quotations from vendors, process sheets, PQCS-I & II, plug cone drawings, operation standards, defect flow sheets etc. This collection has been shown in the annexure attached ahead.                                  

These all were the samples that I have taken for the study to complete my project in a better way. I decided to choose this study material from our company itself because this was best and comprehensive according to the executives and the line leaders who themselves have designed it so far. So it was very easy for them to teach me about that. Also it is very clear from the fact that the current documentation is better because the production target was getting achieved very well.

 

 

1) THE PDCA APPROACH: -

Among the most widely used tools for continuous improvement is a four-step quality model-the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle, also known as Deming cycle or Shewhart cycle.

Plan- Identify an opportunity and plan for change.

Do- Implement the change on a small scale.

Check- Use data to analyze the results of the change and determine whether it made a       

difference.

Act-If the change was successful, implement it on a wider scale and continuously assess                 

your results. If the change did not work, begin the cycle again.

this approach were incorporated while implementing the countermeasures. It helped in the uninterrupted

flow of project activities. It is a result oriented methodology with side by side analysis of the result. It helps as a perfect effectiveness and improvement monitor. It provides us with appropriate ideas and concrete steps to avoid failures. It is a complete

quality analysis + control package with minimum discrepancies. That is why it is sometimes referred to as root cause of all improvements.

As a whole the PDCA methodology was of immense help during my stint of seven months as an industrial project trainee.     

Atomobile Domestic Sales Trends

Automobile Domestic Sales Trends					(In Nos)
Category	2006-07	2007-08	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11
Total CVs	467,765	490,494	384,194	532,721	676,408
Total Passenger Vehicles	1,379,979	1,549,882	1,552,703	1,951,333	2,520,421
Total Two Wheelers	7,872,334	7,249,278	7,437,619	9,370,957	11,790,305
Three Wheelers	403,910	364,781	349,727	440,392	526,022
Grand Total	10,123,988	9,654,435	9,724,243	12,295,397	15,513,156

Two-wheeler manufacturer Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India (HMSI) reported 2.09 per cent jump in its total sales for March at 1,47,301 units compared to 1,44,288 units in the same month of the previous year.

For the entire 2010-11 fiscal, the company's total sales increased by 30.31 per cent to 16,56,727 units from 12,71,377 units in the previous fiscal, HMSI said in a statement.

During March, motorcycle sales inched marginally to 65,899 units as against 65,888 units in March 2010, it added.

The company reported an increase of 3.83 per cent in scooter sales to 81,402 units last month from 78,400 units a year ago during the same month.

During 2010-11, the company's motorcycles sales rose by 44.06 per cent to 7,48,895 units from 5,19,832 units in the previous fiscal.

Scooters sales in the last fiscal stood at 9,07,832 units as against 7,51,545 units in 2009-10, up 20.80 per cent.

MARKET DETAILS OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY:-

Automobile Industry is one of the few industries which have shown a continuous rapid growth since the industrial revolution in early 20^th century. Also it has grown within itself, with the no. of manufacturing companies and types of vehicles increasing every year. Indian automobile industry is no exception with most of the major companies of the world investing in INDIA. With the Indian economy on boom, even the domestic companies are making rapid strides and competing with the international ones. The dramatic influence that automakers have on global economy is one of the indications of how widespread and significant this industry has become.

                                  The globalization of the Indian automobile industry continues, and their collaboration with foreign companies is flourishing. Gradual changes in the Indian economy and rising disposable income of the people is resulting in increased motorization. Global connections are seen as an effective way to respond to this trend, and will continue to multiply as the world’s automobile industries try to meet the increasing demands in a growing number of markets.

The main reasons for this exponential growth and revolution in Indian automobile industry (especially two-wheelers) are:-

1. Government’s initiative on rural roads and better connectivity with major towns and cities.
2. Improved agricultural performance.
3. Upward trend of purchasing power in the hands of rural people.
4. Better understanding between the world economies resulting in free and easy trade.
5. Increasing trend of cooperation between world class companies in the field of automobile industry with an approach to reduce the costing.

HONDA PHILOSOPHY

·         It provides every Honda associate around the world with a vision.

·         It tells us the values of our business.

·         It bonds everyone together towards a common mission.

·         It provides a constant standard for correct action and ethical behavior.

·         It shows the link between the company’s past, present and future.

·         It challenges the organization to strive for the realization of its vision

·         It helps our organization to maintain its sense of uniqueness

HONDA PLANT FACILITIES :-

Few of the In-House Facilities

High Pressure Die Casting, Gravity Die Casting & Low Pressure Die Casting

Gravity Die-Casting & Low pressure Die Casting Sections are for manufacturing critical engine parts.

Welding Robots

Weld Shop has spot welding, seam welding and MIG welding machines to weld various sheet metal parts to form the basic frame and other scooter panels.

Paint Shop Robots

Paint Shop has a conveyor system, which is unique amongst all Honda Factories in the world. The conveyor car carrying the parts is rotated and dipped so as to enable good paint adhesion, high gloss and superior paint finish. Robots are used in painting for improved paint finish.

Engine Assembly

Engine Assembly is done in an enclosed air pressurized area to protect the engine from dirt and dust. Each of the engines is then inspected for various parameters.

Honda Unicorn:-

After having conquered the racing circuits with its unparalleled technology, Honda presents the Unicorn. The Honda Unicorn is the First Motorcycle of HMSI. It is a tough & stylish      4-stroke 5 geared motorcycle incorporating the best of Honda’s worldwide technology standards.

·                     First Bike with Mono Suspension

·                     Sporty Design & Macho Looks 

·                     4-stroke 150 cc engine

·                     Best fuel efficiency in its class (60 km/l)

·                     Riding comfort even during multiple ride

	PARTICULAR	DETAILS
ENGINE	Type	4-Stroke,Single Cyl., Air Cooled, OHC
	Displacement	149.1 CC
	Max Power	13.3 bhp @ 8000 rpm
	Max torque	12.8Nm @ 5500 rpm
	Transmission	5 Speed Constant Mesh
	Ignition	Digital CDI (Multi Mapping)
FEATURES	Suspension	Mono Suspension
	Safety	Multi reflector Head Lamp
	Gear Mechanism	1 Down – 4 Up
	Brakes	Front – Disc Rear – Drum
BODY	Body	Steel